Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Their Role in Tumor-Induced Immune Suppression
نویسنده
چکیده
Tumor-derived exosomes (TEX) are emerging as critical components of an intercellular information network between the tumor and the host. The tumor escapes from the host immune system by using a variety of mechanisms designed to impair or eliminate anti-tumor immunity. TEX carrying a cargo of immunoinhibitory molecules and factors represent one such mechanism. TEX, which are present in all body fluids of cancer patients, deliver negative molecular or genetic signals to immune cells re-programming their functions. Although TEX can also stimulate immune activity, in the microenvironments dominated by the tumor, TEX tend to mediate immune suppression thus promoting tumor progression. The TEX content, in part resembling that of the parent cell, may serve as a source of cancer biomarkers. TEX also interfere with immune therapies. A better understanding of TEX and their contribution to cancer progression and cancer patients' response to immune therapies represents a challenging new field of investigation.
منابع مشابه
Tumor-Derived Exosomes Confer Antigen-Specific Immunosuppression in a Murine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Model
Exosomes are endosome-derived small membrane vesicles that are secreted by most cell types including tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomes usually contain tumor antigens and have been used as a source of tumor antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. However, many reports also suggest that tumor-derived exosomes can facilitate tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, most of w...
متن کاملThe role of exosomes contents on genetic and epigenetic alterations of recipient cancer cells
Exosomes, as a mediator of cell-to-cell transfer of genetic information, act an important role in intercommunication between tumor cells and their niche including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, adipocytes and monocytes. Several studies have shown that tumor cells can influence their neighboring cells by releasing exosomes. These exosomes provide signaling cues for stimulation, activation, prol...
متن کاملThe Role of Exosomes in Myeloid and Lymphoid Blood Malignancies: A Systematic Review Article
Background and Aim: Blood malignancies, one of the most common cancers in the world, cause a large number of deaths each year. Many inherited and acquired factors are involved in the development of this disease. Exosomes are a very small model of cells that are secreted by most cells in the body under physiological and pathological conditions. On the other hand, they have found a special place ...
متن کاملDendritic cell-derived exosomes elicit tumor regression in autochthonous hepatocellular carcinoma mouse models.
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes (DEXs) form a new class of vaccines for cancer immunotherapy. However, their potency in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a life-threatening malignancy with limited treatment options in the clinic that responds poorly to immunotherapy, remains to be investigated. METHODS Exosomes derived from α-fetoprotein (AFP)-expressing DCs (DEXAFP) were...
متن کاملExosomes released by chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells induce the transition of stromal cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts.
Exosomes derived from solid tumor cells are involved in immune suppression, angiogenesis, and metastasis, but the role of leukemia-derived exosomes has been less investigated. The pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is stringently associated with a tumor-supportive microenvironment and a dysfunctional immune system. Here, we explore the role of CLL-derived exosomes in the cellula...
متن کامل